add circuit schema png

pvp, pvc, cvc

arduino_pong.ino

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
 
 #include "src/config.h"
-#include "src/pong_render.h"
+#include "src/menu.h"
-#include "src/pong_player.h"
+#include "src/renderer.h"
-#include "src/pong_ball.h"
+#include "src/engine.h"
+#include "src/paddle.h"
+#include "src/ball.h"
 
-// create LED matrix object
-ArduinoLEDMatrix matrix;
 
 // initial pong frame matrix
 byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
@@ -20,30 +20,43 @@ byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
   { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
 };
 
-// players coordinates
+ArduinoLEDMatrix matrix;
-int players_coords[2]= {1, 4};
-int players_scores[2]= {0, 0};
-
-// initials balls coordinates
-int ball_x= BALL_RESET_X;
-int ball_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
-
-int need_refresh= true;
-
-int ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
 
+bool need_refresh= true;
+uint8_t hits= 0;
 long exec_t2= millis();
 
 enum game_statuses : uint8_t {
+  MENU,
+  MENU_BOT_SKILLS,
   TIMER,
   RUN,
   SCORE,
   GAMEOVER,
   WAIT,
 };
-game_statuses game_status= TIMER;
+game_statuses game_status= MENU;
 
 
+Ball ball(4, 6);
+
+Paddle* p1= nullptr;
+Paddle* p2= nullptr;
+HumanPaddle human_pad1(1, P1_BTN_UP, P1_BTN_BOTTOM);
+HumanPaddle human_pad2(4, P2_BTN_UP, P2_BTN_BOTTOM);
+BotPaddle bot_pad1(1, 0);
+BotPaddle bot_pad2(4, MATRIX_WIDTH-1);
+Menu menu;
+
+// uint8_t current_gmode_idx= 0;
+// bool update_menu= true;
+// bool mode_selected= false;
+// uint8_t current_bot_menu_idx= 0;
+// bool update_menu_bot_skills= true;
+
+Engine engine(ball, INITIAL_BALL_DELAY);
+Renderer renderer(ball, frame, matrix);
+
 void setup() {
   Serial.begin(9600);
   // start LED matrix
@@ -61,11 +74,90 @@ void loop() {
   long exec_t1= millis();
 
   switch (game_status) {
+
+    case MENU: {
+      // switch modes
+      if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
+        menu.next_mode();
+        const byte (*current_gmode)[12]= frame_gmodes[menu.get_mode()];
+        matrix.loadPixels((uint8_t*)current_gmode, MATRIX_HEIGHT * MATRIX_WIDTH);
+        delay(300);
+      }
+      else if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW) {
+        menu.prev_mode();
+        const byte (*current_gmode)[12]= frame_gmodes[menu.get_mode()];
+        matrix.loadPixels((uint8_t*)current_gmode, MATRIX_HEIGHT * MATRIX_WIDTH);
+        delay(300);
+      }
+
+      // 1. P vs P
+      else if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW && menu.number_of_bots() == 0) {
+        p1= &human_pad1;
+        p2= &human_pad2;
+        engine.set_players(p1, p2);
+        renderer.set_players(p1, p2);
+        game_status= TIMER;
+      }
+      // 2. P vs CPU
+      else if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW && menu.number_of_bots() == 1) {
+        p1= &human_pad1;
+        p2= &bot_pad2;
+        engine.set_players(p1, p2);
+        renderer.set_players(p1, p2);
+        game_status= MENU_BOT_SKILLS;
+        delay(300); // avoid accidental double click for next menu
+      }
+      // 3. CPU vs CPU
+      else if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW && menu.number_of_bots() == 2) {
+        p1= &bot_pad1;
+        p2= &bot_pad2;
+        engine.set_players(p1, p2);
+        renderer.set_players(p1, p2);
+        game_status= MENU_BOT_SKILLS;
+        delay(300); // avoid accidental double click for next menu
+      }
+
+      else {
+        const byte (*current_gmode)[12]= frame_gmodes[menu.get_mode()];
+        matrix.loadPixels((uint8_t*)current_gmode, MATRIX_HEIGHT * MATRIX_WIDTH);
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case MENU_BOT_SKILLS: {
+      // switch difficulty level
+      if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
+        menu.increase_skills();
+        const byte (*current_skill_frame)[12]= frame_bot_skills[menu.get_skill()];
+        matrix.loadPixels((uint8_t*)current_skill_frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT * MATRIX_WIDTH);
+        delay(300);
+      }
+      else if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW) {
+        menu.decrease_skills();
+        const byte (*current_skill_frame)[12]= frame_bot_skills[menu.get_skill()];
+        matrix.loadPixels((uint8_t*)current_skill_frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT * MATRIX_WIDTH);
+        delay(300);
+      }
+
+      // choose difficulty level
+      else if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
+        if (!p1 -> is_human()) p1 -> set_skills(menu.get_skill() + 1);
+        if (!p2 -> is_human()) p2 -> set_skills(menu.get_skill() + 1);
+        game_status= TIMER;
+      }
+
+      else {
+        const byte (*current_skill_frame)[12]= frame_bot_skills[menu.get_skill()];
+        matrix.loadPixels((uint8_t*)current_skill_frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT * MATRIX_WIDTH);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
     case TIMER:
       for (int i = START_TIMER; i >= 0; i--) {
-        render_timer(frame, i);
+        renderer.render_timer(i);
         delay(1000);
-        matrix.renderBitmap(frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
       }
       game_status= RUN;
       // delay the first ball movement
@@ -73,50 +165,52 @@ void loop() {
       break;
 
     case RUN:
-      pong_move_p1(players_coords[0], need_refresh);
+      need_refresh= engine.control_players();
-      pong_move_p2(players_coords[1], need_refresh);
+
-      if (exec_t1 - exec_t2 > ball_delay) {
+      if (exec_t1 - exec_t2 > engine.ball_movement_delay()) {
-        need_refresh= true;
+        engine.run();
-        bool scored= move_ball(ball_x, ball_y, ball_delay, players_coords, players_scores);
+        if (engine.get_event() == P1SCORE || engine.get_event() == P2SCORE)
-        if (scored) {
           game_status= SCORE;
-          // delay the ball movement after score
+        exec_t2= exec_t1;
-          exec_t2= millis() + FIRST_START_BALL_DELAY;
+        need_refresh= true;
-        } else exec_t2= exec_t1;
       }
       // rerender matrix only if something is changed
       if (need_refresh) {
-        render_matrix(frame, players_coords, ball_x, ball_y);
+        renderer.render_matrix();
-        matrix.renderBitmap(frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
+        need_refresh= false;
-        need_refresh= 0;
       }
-      delay(50);
       break;
 
     case SCORE:
-      render_score(frame, players_scores);
+      delay(300);
-      matrix.renderBitmap(frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
+      renderer.render_score();
+      engine.restart_ball();
       delay(1000);
-      if (players_scores[0] >= MAX_POINTS || players_scores[1] >= MAX_POINTS) {
+      if (p1 -> get_score() >= MAX_POINTS || p2 -> get_score() >= MAX_POINTS)
         game_status= GAMEOVER;
+      else {
+        game_status= RUN;
+        // before move again the ball wait a second
+        renderer.render_matrix();
+        exec_t2= millis() + FIRST_START_BALL_DELAY;
       }
-      else game_status= RUN;
       break;
 
     case GAMEOVER:
-      render_winner(frame, matrix, players_scores);
+      renderer.render_winner();
       game_status= WAIT;
       break;
 
     case WAIT:
       // keep showing the winner waiting for a restart
       // restart game once one button is pressed
-      if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW || digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
+      if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW || 
-        game_status= TIMER;
+          digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
-        players_scores[0]= 0;
+        engine.reset();
-        players_scores[1]= 0;
+        game_status= MENU;
+        delay(300);
       }
-      delay(100);
       break;
   }
+  delay(50);
 }

src/ball.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include "ball.h"
+
+void Ball::_init_directions(int8_t &_direction) {
+  if (random(2) == 0) _direction= 1;
+  else _direction= -1;
+}
+
+void Ball::move() {
+  if (!_direction_x) this -> _init_directions(_direction_x);
+  if (!_direction_y) this -> _init_directions(_direction_y);
+
+  // if (_x < 0 || _x > MATRIX_WIDTH-1 || _y < 0 || _y > MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
+  //   this -> reset_position();
+  // }
+
+  if (_x + _direction_x >= 0 && _x + _direction_x < MATRIX_WIDTH)
+    _x+= _direction_x;
+  if (_y + _direction_y >= 0 && _y + _direction_y < MATRIX_HEIGHT)
+    _y+= _direction_y;
+}
+
+void Ball::bounce_on_pad() {
+  _direction_x *= -1;
+}
+
+void Ball::bounce_on_sides() {
+  _direction_y *= -1;
+}
+
+int8_t Ball::get_direction_x() {
+  return _direction_x;
+}
+int8_t Ball::get_direction_y() {
+  return _direction_y;
+}
+
+void Ball::reset_position () {
+  _x= BALL_RESET_X;
+  int8_t delta= random(3);
+  if (random(2) == 0) delta *= -1;
+  _y= BALL_RESET_Y + delta;
+  this -> _init_directions(_direction_x);
+  this -> _init_directions(_direction_y);
+}
+
+uint8_t Ball::get_x() {
+  return _x;
+}
+
+uint8_t Ball::get_y() {
+  return _y;
+}

src/ball.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef BALL_H
+#define BALL_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "config.h"
+
+class Ball {
+  private:
+    uint8_t _x, _y;
+    int8_t _direction_x, _direction_y;
+
+    void _init_directions(int8_t &_direction);
+
+  public:
+    Ball (uint8_t _x, uint8_t _y) : _x(_x), _y(_y) {}
+
+    void move();
+    void bounce_on_pad();
+    void bounce_on_sides();
+    int8_t get_direction_x();
+    int8_t get_direction_y();
+    void reset_position ();
+    uint8_t get_x();
+    uint8_t get_y();
+};
+
+#endif

src/config.h

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #define MATRIX_HEIGHT 8
 #define BALL_RESET_X (MATRIX_WIDTH / 2)
 #define BALL_RESET_Y (MATRIX_HEIGHT / 2)
-#define BAR_LENGTH 3
+#define PADDLE_LENGTH 3
 #define INITIAL_BALL_DELAY 200
 
 #define MAX_POINTS 9

src/engine.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "engine.h"
+
+bool Engine::_check_pad_ball_collision(Paddle *p) {
+  uint8_t ppos= p -> get_position();
+  for (int p= ppos; p < ppos + PADDLE_LENGTH; p++) {
+    if (_ball.get_y() == p) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void Engine::run() {
+  // if (_event == P1SCORE || _event == P2SCORE) this -> _soft_reset();
+
+  _event= NONE;
+  _ball.move();
+  uint8_t bx= _ball.get_x();
+  uint8_t by= _ball.get_y();
+  int8_t ball_dir= _ball.get_direction_x(); 
+  // pad is 1 pixel far from the edge, so i need to calc this delta
+  // check also if the ball is already moving away, to skip useless checks
+  if (bx <= 1 && ball_dir < 0) {
+    // score the point only if ball reached the edge
+    if (this -> _check_pad_ball_collision(_p1) && bx <= 1) {
+      _ball.bounce_on_pad();
+      _event= P1_COLLISION;
+      _hits++;
+    }
+    else if (bx <= 0) {
+      // p2 scores
+      _p2 -> increase_score();
+      _event= P2SCORE;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (bx >= MATRIX_WIDTH-2 && ball_dir > 0) {
+    // score the point only if ball reached the edge
+    if (this -> _check_pad_ball_collision(_p2) && bx >= MATRIX_WIDTH-2) {
+      _ball.bounce_on_pad();
+      _event= P2_COLLISION;
+      _hits++;
+    }
+    else if (bx >= MATRIX_WIDTH-1) {
+      // p1 scores
+      _p1 -> increase_score();
+      _event= P1SCORE;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  if (by == 0 || by == MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
+    _ball.bounce_on_sides();
+    _event= WALL_COLLISION;
+  }
+
+  if (_hits >= 6 && _ball_mv_delay >= 80) {
+    _hits= 0;
+    _ball_mv_delay -= 20;
+  }
+}
+
+void Engine::set_players(Paddle *p1, Paddle *p2) {
+  _p1= p1;
+  _p2= p2;
+}
+
+bool Engine::control_players() {
+  bool need_refresh= false;
+
+  if (_p1 -> is_human()) need_refresh |= _p1 -> check_pad_movement();
+  else need_refresh |= _p1 -> check_pad_movement(_ball);
+  if (_p2 -> is_human()) need_refresh |= _p2 -> check_pad_movement();
+  else need_refresh |= _p2 -> check_pad_movement(_ball);
+  return need_refresh;
+}
+
+uint8_t Engine::ball_movement_delay() {
+  return _ball_mv_delay;
+}
+
+
+EngineEvents Engine::get_event() {
+  return _event;
+}
+
+void Engine::restart_ball() {
+  _ball.reset_position();
+  _ball_mv_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
+}
+
+void Engine::reset() {
+  this -> restart_ball();
+  _p1 -> reset();
+  _p2 -> reset();
+}

src/engine.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef ENGINE_H
+#define ENGINE_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "ball.h"
+#include "paddle.h"
+#include "config.h"
+
+enum EngineEvents : uint8_t {NONE, P1SCORE, P2SCORE, P1_COLLISION, P2_COLLISION, WALL_COLLISION};
+
+class Engine {
+
+  private:
+    Paddle* _p1;
+    Paddle* _p2;
+    Ball& _ball;
+    EngineEvents _event= NONE;
+    uint8_t _ball_mv_delay;
+    uint8_t _hits = 0;
+
+    bool _check_pad_ball_collision(Paddle *p);
+
+  public:
+    // inizialize Engine constructor, linking all args with private args
+    Engine(Ball &ball, uint8_t ball_mv_delay)
+        : _ball(ball), _ball_mv_delay(ball_mv_delay) {}
+
+    void run();
+    void set_players(Paddle *p_one, Paddle *p_two);
+    bool control_players();
+    uint8_t ball_movement_delay();
+    EngineEvents get_event();
+    void restart_ball();
+    void reset();
+};
+
+#endif

src/font.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+#include "font.h";
+
+const uint32_t pone_wins[5][4] = {
+	{
+		0x78,
+		0xc4847844,
+		0x440e000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0x11,
+		0x1101501,
+		0x501f0000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0xe,
+		0x400400,
+		0x400e0000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0x9,
+		0xd00b00,
+		0x90090000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0xf,
+		0x800f00,
+		0x100f0000,
+		500
+	}
+};
+const uint32_t ptwo_wins[5][4] = {
+	{
+		0x79,
+		0xe48279e4,
+		0x1041e000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0x11,
+		0x1101501,
+		0x501f0000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0xe,
+		0x400400,
+		0x400e0000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0x9,
+		0xd00b00,
+		0x90090000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0xf,
+		0x800f00,
+		0x100f0000,
+		500
+	}
+};
+
+const byte font_pong[10][8][3] = {
+  // Number 0
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 1
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 0 },
+    { 0, 1, 0 },
+    { 0, 1, 0 },
+    { 0, 1, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 2
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 3
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 4
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 5
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 6
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 7
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 8
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 9
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+};
+
+const byte frame_pvp[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 },
+  { 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+const byte frame_pvc[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+const byte frame_cvc[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+const byte (*frame_gmodes[3])[12]= {frame_pvp, frame_pvc, frame_cvc};
+
+const byte frame_bot_skill_easy[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+const byte frame_bot_skill_hard[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+const byte (*frame_bot_skills[3])[12]= {frame_bot_skill_easy, frame_bot_skill_hard};

src/font.h

@@ -2,183 +2,19 @@
 #define FONT_H
 
 #include <Arduino.h>
+#include "config.h"
 
-const uint32_t pone_wins[][4] = {
+extern const uint32_t pone_wins[5][4];
-	{
+extern const uint32_t ptwo_wins[5][4];
-		0x78,
+extern const byte font_pong[10][8][3];
-		0xc4847844,
-		0x440e000,
-		500
-	},
-	{
-		0x11,
-		0x1101501,
-		0x501f0000,
-		500
-	},
-	{
-		0xe,
-		0x400400,
-		0x400e0000,
-		500
-	},
-	{
-		0x9,
-		0xd00b00,
-		0x90090000,
-		500
-	},
-	{
-		0xf,
-		0x800f00,
-		0x100f0000,
-		500
-	}
-};
-const uint32_t ptwo_wins[][4] = {
-	{
-		0x79,
-		0xe48279e4,
-		0x1041e000,
-		500
-	},
-	{
-		0x11,
-		0x1101501,
-		0x501f0000,
-		500
-	},
-	{
-		0xe,
-		0x400400,
-		0x400e0000,
-		500
-	},
-	{
-		0x9,
-		0xd00b00,
-		0x90090000,
-		500
-	},
-	{
-		0xf,
-		0x800f00,
-		0x100f0000,
-		500
-	}
-};
 
-const byte font_pong[10][8][3] = {
+extern const byte frame_pvp[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH];
-  // Number 0
+extern const byte frame_pvc[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH];
-  {
+extern const byte frame_cvc[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH];
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
+extern const byte (*frame_gmodes[3])[12];
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
+
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
+extern const byte frame_bot_skill_easy[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH];
-    { 1, 0, 1 },
+extern const byte frame_bot_skill_hard[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH];
-    { 1, 0, 1 },
+extern const byte (*frame_bot_skills[3])[12];
-    { 1, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-  // Number 1
-  {
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 0 },
-    { 0, 1, 0 },
-    { 0, 1, 0 },
-    { 0, 1, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-  // Number 2
-  {
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 1, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-  // Number 3
-  {
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-  // Number 4
-  {
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-  // Number 5
-  {
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 1, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-  // Number 6
-  {
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 1, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-  // Number 7
-  {
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-  // Number 8
-  {
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 1, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 1, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-  // Number 9
-  {
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 1, 0, 1 },
-    { 1, 1, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 1 },
-    { 0, 0, 0 }
-  },
-};
 
 #endif

src/menu.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "menu.h"
+
+void Menu::next_mode() {
+  if (_game_mode < _game_modes(COUNT_MODES) - 1)
+    _game_mode= _game_modes(_game_mode+1);
+}
+
+void Menu::prev_mode() {
+  if (_game_mode > 0) {
+    _game_mode= _game_modes(_game_mode-1);
+  }
+}
+
+uint8_t Menu::get_mode() {
+  return _game_mode;
+}
+
+uint8_t Menu::number_of_bots() {
+  if (_game_mode == PVC) return 1;
+  else if (_game_mode == CVC) return 2;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void Menu::increase_skills() {
+  if (_bot_skill < _bot_skill_levels(COUNT_SKILLS) - 1)
+    _bot_skill= _bot_skill_levels(_bot_skill+1);
+}
+
+void Menu::decrease_skills() {
+  if (_bot_skill > 0) {
+    _bot_skill= _bot_skill_levels(_bot_skill-1);
+  }
+}
+
+uint8_t Menu::get_skill() {
+  return _bot_skill;
+}
+
+void Menu::reset_menu() {
+  _game_mode= PVP;
+  _bot_skill= EASY;
+}

src/menu.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef MENU_H
+#define MENU_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "font.h"
+
+class Menu {
+
+  private:
+    enum _game_modes : uint8_t {PVP, PVC, CVC, COUNT_MODES};
+    _game_modes _game_mode = PVP;
+    enum _bot_skill_levels : uint8_t {EASY, HARD, COUNT_SKILLS};
+    _bot_skill_levels _bot_skill = EASY;
+
+  public:
+    void next_mode();
+    void prev_mode();
+    uint8_t get_mode();
+    uint8_t number_of_bots();
+    void increase_skills();
+    void decrease_skills();
+    uint8_t get_skill();
+    void reset_menu();
+};
+
+#endif

src/paddle.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#include "paddle.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+void Paddle::move_pad_up() {
+  if (_pos_y > 0) {
+    _pos_y -= 1;
+  }
+}
+void Paddle::move_pad_down() {
+  if (_pos_y + _height < MATRIX_HEIGHT) {
+    _pos_y += 1;
+  }
+}
+
+void run_paddle() {
+}
+
+uint8_t Paddle::get_position() {
+  return _pos_y;
+}
+
+bool Paddle::is_human() {
+  return _human;
+}
+
+void Paddle::increase_score() {
+  if (_score <= 9) _score += 1;
+}
+
+uint8_t Paddle::get_score() {
+  return _score;
+}
+
+void Paddle::reset() {
+  _score= 0;
+}
+
+bool Paddle::check_pad_movement() {
+  // redefine me
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Paddle::check_pad_movement(Ball &ball) {
+  // redefine me
+  return false;
+}
+
+uint8_t Paddle::get_skills() {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void Paddle::set_skills(uint8_t skills) {
+}
+
+bool HumanPaddle::check_pad_movement() {
+  bool need_refresh= false;
+  if (digitalRead(_pin_btn_top) == LOW) {
+    this -> move_pad_up();
+    need_refresh= true;
+  }
+  else if (digitalRead(_pin_btn_bottom) == LOW) {
+    this -> move_pad_down();
+    need_refresh= true;
+  }
+  return need_refresh;
+}
+
+bool BotPaddle::check_pad_movement(Ball &ball) {
+  uint8_t ball_y= ball.get_y();
+  int8_t ball_dir= ball.get_direction_x();
+  int8_t ball_dir_ver= ball.get_direction_y();
+
+  uint8_t skills= this -> get_skills();
+
+  // ball is moving left and pad is on right, do not move
+  if (ball_dir < 0 && _pos_x > MATRIX_WIDTH / 2) return false;
+  // ball is moving right and pad is on left, do not move
+  else if (ball_dir > 0 && _pos_x < MATRIX_WIDTH / 2) return false;
+  
+  uint8_t ball_x= ball.get_x();
+  int8_t ball_distance= ball_x - _pos_x;
+  if (ball_distance < 0) ball_distance *= -1;
+  switch (skills) {
+    case 1:
+      if (ball_distance > 3) return false;
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      if (ball_distance > 4) return false;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t move_chances= random(skills * 10) % 2;
+  if (!move_chances) return false;
+
+  enum Movement {NONE, UP, DOWN};
+  Movement _movment= NONE;
+  
+  for (uint8_t py= _pos_y; py < _pos_y+PADDLE_LENGTH-1; py++) {
+    if (_pos_y - ball_y >= 0 && ball_dir_ver < 0) {
+      _movment= UP;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (_pos_y - ball_y <= 0 && ball_dir_ver > 0) {
+      _movment= DOWN;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (_movment == UP) {
+    this -> move_pad_up();
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (_movment == DOWN) {
+    this -> move_pad_down();
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+uint8_t BotPaddle::get_skills() {
+  return _skills;
+}
+
+void BotPaddle::set_skills(uint8_t skills) {
+  if (skills < 1) _skills= 1;
+  else if (skills > 2) _skills= 2;
+  else _skills= skills;
+}

src/paddle.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#ifndef PADDLE_H
+#define PADDLE_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "config.h"
+#include "ball.h"
+
+class Paddle {
+
+  protected:
+    // define player coordinates
+    uint8_t _pos_y;
+    uint8_t _height= PADDLE_LENGTH;
+    uint8_t _score= 0;
+    bool _human;
+
+  public:
+    Paddle (uint8_t pos_y, bool human) : _pos_y(pos_y), _human(human) {}
+    void move_pad_up();
+    void move_pad_down();
+    uint8_t get_position();
+    bool is_human();
+    void increase_score();
+    uint8_t get_score();
+    void reset();
+    virtual bool check_pad_movement();
+    virtual bool check_pad_movement(Ball &ball);
+    virtual uint8_t get_skills();
+    virtual void set_skills(uint8_t skills);
+};
+
+class HumanPaddle : public Paddle {
+  private:
+    uint8_t _pin_btn_top;
+    uint8_t _pin_btn_bottom;
+  public:
+    HumanPaddle(uint8_t position, uint8_t pin_btn_top, uint8_t pin_btn_bottom) 
+              : Paddle(position, true), _pin_btn_top(pin_btn_top), _pin_btn_bottom(pin_btn_bottom) {}
+    bool check_pad_movement();
+};
+
+class BotPaddle : public Paddle {
+
+  private:
+    uint8_t _pos_x;
+    uint8_t _skills; // this is the difficulty level
+
+  public:
+    BotPaddle(uint8_t position, uint8_t pos_x) 
+              : Paddle(position, false), _pos_x(pos_x) {}
+    bool check_pad_movement(Ball &ball);
+    uint8_t get_skills();
+    void set_skills(uint8_t skills);
+};
+
+#endif

src/pong_ball.cpp

@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include "config.h"
-#include "pong_player.h"
-
-// used to increase speed when game is too easy
-int hits= 0;
-
-// initially ball has no movements
-// once game/round starts, balls gets random x and y movements
-int ball_move_x= 0;
-int ball_move_y= 0;
-
-void random_ball_movement(int &ball_move_x, int &ball_move_y) {
-  if (random(2) == 0) ball_move_x= 1;
-  else ball_move_x= -1;
-  if (random(2) == 0) ball_move_y= 1;
-  else ball_move_y= -1;
-}
-
-void point_scored(int &ball_x, int &ball_y, int &ball_delay, int players_scores[2], int &ball_move_x, int &ball_move_y) {
-  ball_x= BALL_RESET_X;
-  ball_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
-  random_ball_movement(ball_move_x, ball_move_y);
-
-  Serial.print("P1: ");
-  Serial.print(players_scores[0]);
-  Serial.print(" - ");
-  Serial.print("P2: ");
-  Serial.print(players_scores[1]);
-  Serial.println();
-
-  hits= 0;
-  ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
-}
-
-bool move_ball(int &ball_x, int &ball_y, int &ball_delay, int players_coords[2], int players_scores[2]) {
-  if (ball_x < 0 || ball_x > MATRIX_WIDTH-1 || ball_y < 0 || ball_y > MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
-    // ball out of matrix limits
-    ball_x= BALL_RESET_X;
-    ball_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  bool scored= false;
-  
-  // if ball is not moving, get random direction
-  // this is the initial position
-  if (ball_move_x == 0 || ball_move_y == 0) {
-    // extract random number between 0 or 1 to select the directions
-    random_ball_movement(ball_move_x, ball_move_y);
-  }
-
-  else if (ball_x == 0) {
-    // if p1 collision: reverse x, go left
-    if (!ball_player_collision(players_coords[0], ball_y)) {
-      // else p2 score, reset board
-      players_scores[1] += 1;
-      scored= true;
-      Serial.println("Player 2 Scores");
-      point_scored(ball_x, ball_y, ball_delay, players_scores, ball_move_x, ball_move_y);
-      return true;
-    }
-    else {
-      hits += 1;
-      ball_move_x= ball_move_x * -1;
-    }
-  }
-  else if (ball_x == MATRIX_WIDTH-1) {
-    if (!ball_player_collision(players_coords[1], ball_y)) {
-      // else p1 score, reset board
-      players_scores[0] += 1;
-      scored= true;
-      Serial.println("Player 1 Scores");
-      point_scored(ball_x, ball_y, ball_delay, players_scores, ball_move_x, ball_move_y);
-      return true;
-    }
-    else {
-      hits += 1;
-      ball_move_x= ball_move_x * -1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (ball_y == 0 || ball_y == MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
-    // reverse y, go down
-    ball_move_y= ball_move_y * -1;
-  }
-
-  if (hits >= 6 && ball_delay >= 80) {
-    // increase ball speed
-    hits= 0;
-    ball_delay-= 20;
-  }
-
-  ball_x+= ball_move_x;
-  ball_y+= ball_move_y;
-  return scored;
-}

src/pong_ball.h

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PONG_BALL_H
-#define PONG_BALL_H
-
-bool move_ball(int &ball_x, int &ball_y, int &loop_delay, int players_coords[2], int players_scores[2]);
-void foo(); 
-#endif

src/pong_player.cpp

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include "config.h"
-
-int ball_player_collision(int player, int ball_y) {
-  for (int p= player; p < player + BAR_LENGTH; p++) {
-    if (ball_y == p) {
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int pong_move_p1(int &p1_start, int &need_refresh) {
-  if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW && p1_start > 0) {
-    p1_start -= 1;
-    need_refresh= true;
-  }
-  else if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW && p1_start < 5) {
-    p1_start += 1;
-    need_refresh= true;
-  }
-}
-
-int pong_move_p2(int &p2_start, int &need_refresh) {
-  if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW && p2_start > 0) {
-    p2_start -= 1;
-    need_refresh= true;
-  }
-  else if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW && p2_start < 5) {
-    p2_start += 1;
-    need_refresh= true;
-  }
-}

src/pong_player.h

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PONG_PLAYER_H
-#define PONG_PLAYER_H
-
-int ball_player_collision(int player, int ball_y);
-int pong_move_p1(int &p1_start, int &need_refresh);
-int pong_move_p2(int &p2_start, int &need_refresh);
-
-#endif

src/pong_render.cpp

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
-#include "config.h"
-#include "font.h"
-
-void clear_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH]) {
-  for (int x=0; x < MATRIX_WIDTH; x++) {
-    for (int y=0; y < MATRIX_HEIGHT; y++) {
-      frame[y][x]= 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void render_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int players_coords[2], int ball_x, int ball_y) {
-  clear_matrix(frame);
-  int player_one= players_coords[0];
-  int player_two= players_coords[1];
-  // players coords
-  for (int i= player_one; i < player_one+BAR_LENGTH; i++) {
-    frame[i][0]= 1;
-  }
-  for (int i= player_two; i < player_two+BAR_LENGTH; i++) {
-    frame[i][MATRIX_WIDTH-1]= 1;
-  }
-  
-  // ball coords
-  frame[ball_y][ball_x]= 1;
-}
-
-void render_score(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int players_scores[2]) {
-  clear_matrix(frame);
-  int player_one= players_scores[0];
-  int player_two= players_scores[1];
-  if (player_one > 9) player_one = 9;
-  if (player_two > 9) player_two = 9;
-  
-  // player score separator (-)
-  frame[4][5]= 1;
-  frame[4][6]= 1;
-
-  for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
-    for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
-      frame[h][w+1]= font_pong[player_one][h][w];
-    }
-  }
-  for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
-    for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
-      frame[h][w+8]= font_pong[player_two][h][w];
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void render_timer(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int seconds) {
-  clear_matrix(frame);
-
-  for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
-    for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
-      frame[h][w+5]= font_pong[seconds][h][w];
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void render_winner(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], ArduinoLEDMatrix &matrix, int players_scores[2]) {
-  clear_matrix(frame);
-  // check winner 
-  if (players_scores[0] > players_scores[1]) {
-    Serial.println("Player 1 wins!!!");
-    matrix.loadSequence(pone_wins);
-  }
-  else {
-    Serial.println("Player 2 wins!!!");
-    matrix.loadSequence(ptwo_wins);
-  }
-  matrix.play(true);
-}

src/pong_render.h

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PONG_RENDER_H
-#define PONG_RENDER_H
-
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
-#include "config.h"
-
-void render_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int players_coords[2], int ball_x, int ball_y);
-void render_score(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int players_scores[2]);
-void render_timer(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int seconds);
-void render_winner(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], ArduinoLEDMatrix &matrix, int players_scores[2]);
-
-#endif

src/renderer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "renderer.h"
+
+
+void Renderer::_clear_matrix() {
+  for (int x=0; x < MATRIX_WIDTH; x++) {
+    for (int y=0; y < MATRIX_HEIGHT; y++) {
+      _frame[y][x]= 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Renderer::set_players(Paddle *p1, Paddle *p2) {
+  _p1= p1;
+  _p2= p2;
+}
+
+void Renderer::render_timer(uint8_t seconds) {
+  this -> _clear_matrix();
+
+  for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
+    for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
+      _frame[h][w+5]= font_pong[seconds][h][w];
+    }
+  }
+  _matrix.renderBitmap(_frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
+}
+
+void Renderer::render_matrix() {
+  this -> _clear_matrix();
+  uint8_t p1pos= _p1 -> get_position();
+  uint8_t p2pos= _p2 -> get_position();
+  // players coords
+  for (int i= p1pos; i < p1pos+PADDLE_LENGTH; i++) {
+    _frame[i][0]= 1;
+  }
+  for (int i= p2pos; i < p2pos+PADDLE_LENGTH; i++) {
+    _frame[i][MATRIX_WIDTH-1]= 1;
+  }
+  
+  // ball coords
+  uint8_t bx= _ball.get_x();
+  uint8_t by= _ball.get_y();
+  _frame[by][bx]= 1;
+  _matrix.renderBitmap(_frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
+}
+
+void Renderer::render_score() {
+  this -> _clear_matrix();
+  _frame[4][5]= 1;
+  _frame[4][6]= 1;
+
+  for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
+    for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
+      _frame[h][w+1]= font_pong[_p1 -> get_score()][h][w];
+    }
+  }
+  for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
+    for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
+      _frame[h][w+8]= font_pong[_p2 -> get_score()][h][w];
+    }
+  }
+  _matrix.renderBitmap(_frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
+}
+
+void Renderer::render_winner() {
+  this -> _clear_matrix();
+  // check winner 
+  if (_p1 -> get_score() > _p2 -> get_score())
+    _matrix.loadSequence(pone_wins);
+  else 
+    _matrix.loadSequence(ptwo_wins);
+  _matrix.play(true);
+}

src/renderer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifndef RENDERER_H
+#define RENDERER_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "font.h"
+#include "paddle.h"
+#include "ball.h"
+
+class Renderer {
+
+  private:
+    // define player coordinates
+    Paddle* _p1;
+    Paddle* _p2;
+    Ball& _ball;
+    byte (&_frame)[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH];
+    ArduinoLEDMatrix& _matrix;
+
+    void _clear_matrix();
+
+  public:
+    Renderer (Ball &ball, byte (&frame)[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], ArduinoLEDMatrix &matrix) 
+            : _ball(ball), _frame(frame), _matrix(matrix) {}
+
+    void set_players(Paddle *p1, Paddle *p2);
+    void render_timer(uint8_t seconds);
+    void render_matrix();
+    void render_score();
+    void render_winner();
+};
+
+#endif