clean logs and improve engine handling by removing hits and movment_delay from the loop to the engine

now the ball bounces on pad when hit the pad, not when it reaches the edge of the "screen"

arduino_pong.ino

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 #include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
 
 #include "src/config.h"
-#include "src/pong_render.h"
-#include "src/pong_player.h"
-#include "src/pong_ball.h"
+#include "src/renderer.h"
+#include "src/engine.h"
+#include "src/paddle.h"
+#include "src/ball.h"
 
-// create LED matrix object
-ArduinoLEDMatrix matrix;
 
 // initial pong frame matrix
 byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
@@ -20,25 +19,32 @@ byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
   { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
 };
 
-// players coordinates
-int p1_start= 1;
-int p2_start= 4;
-
-// initials balls coordinates
-int ball_x= BALL_RESET_X;
-int ball_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
-
-int need_refresh= 1;
-
-int ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
+ArduinoLEDMatrix matrix;
 
+int need_refresh= true;
+uint8_t hits= 0;
 long exec_t2= millis();
 
+enum game_statuses : uint8_t {
+  TIMER,
+  RUN,
+  SCORE,
+  GAMEOVER,
+  WAIT,
+};
+game_statuses game_status= TIMER;
+
+Ball ball(4, 6);
+Paddle p1(1);
+Paddle p2(4);
+Engine engine(p1, p2, ball, INITIAL_BALL_DELAY);
+Renderer renderer(p1, p2, ball, frame, matrix);
 
 void setup() {
   Serial.begin(9600);
   // start LED matrix
   matrix.begin();
+
   pinMode(P1_BTN_UP, INPUT_PULLUP);
   pinMode(P1_BTN_BOTTOM, INPUT_PULLUP);
   pinMode(P2_BTN_UP, INPUT_PULLUP);
@@ -49,16 +55,64 @@ void setup() {
 
 void loop() {
   long exec_t1= millis();
-  pong_move_p1(p1_start, need_refresh);
-  pong_move_p2(p2_start, need_refresh);
-  if (exec_t1 - exec_t2 > ball_delay) {
-    move_ball(ball_x, ball_y, ball_delay, p1_start, p2_start, need_refresh);
-    exec_t2= exec_t1;
-  }
-  if (need_refresh) {
-    render_matrix(frame, p1_start, p2_start, ball_x, ball_y);
-    matrix.renderBitmap(frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
-    need_refresh= 0;
+
+  switch (game_status) {
+
+    case TIMER:
+      for (int i = START_TIMER; i >= 0; i--) {
+        renderer.render_timer(i);
+        delay(1000);
+      }
+      game_status= RUN;
+      // delay the first ball movement
+      exec_t2= millis() + FIRST_START_BALL_DELAY;
+      break;
+
+    case RUN:
+      need_refresh= check_paddle_movements(p1, p2);
+
+      if (exec_t1 - exec_t2 > engine.ball_movement_delay()) {
+        engine.run();
+        if (engine.get_event() == P1SCORE || engine.get_event() == P2SCORE)
+          game_status= SCORE;
+        exec_t2= exec_t1;
+        need_refresh= true;
+      }
+      // rerender matrix only if something is changed
+      if (need_refresh) {
+        renderer.render_matrix();
+        need_refresh= false;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case SCORE:
+      delay(300);
+      renderer.render_score();
+      engine.restart_ball();
+      delay(1000);
+      if (p1.get_score() >= MAX_POINTS || p2.get_score() >= MAX_POINTS)
+        game_status= GAMEOVER;
+      else {
+        game_status= RUN;
+        // before move again the ball wait a second
+        renderer.render_matrix();
+        exec_t2= millis() + FIRST_START_BALL_DELAY;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case GAMEOVER:
+      renderer.render_winner();
+      game_status= WAIT;
+      break;
+
+    case WAIT:
+      // keep showing the winner waiting for a restart
+      // restart game once one button is pressed
+      if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW || digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
+        game_status= TIMER;
+        engine.reset();
+      }
+      break;
   }
   delay(50);
 }

src/ball.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "ball.h"
+
+void Ball::_init_directions(int8_t &_direction) {
+  if (random(2) == 0) _direction= 1;
+  else _direction= -1;
+}
+
+void Ball::move() {
+  if (!_direction_x) this -> _init_directions(_direction_x);
+  if (!_direction_y) this -> _init_directions(_direction_y);
+
+  // if (_x < 0 || _x > MATRIX_WIDTH-1 || _y < 0 || _y > MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
+  //   this -> reset_position();
+  // }
+
+  if (_x + _direction_x >= 0 && _x + _direction_x < MATRIX_WIDTH)
+    _x+= _direction_x;
+  if (_y + _direction_y >= 0 && _y + _direction_y < MATRIX_HEIGHT)
+    _y+= _direction_y;
+}
+
+void Ball::bounce_on_pad() {
+  _direction_x *= -1;
+}
+
+void Ball::bounce_on_sides() {
+  _direction_y *= -1;
+}
+
+int8_t Ball::get_direction_x() {
+  return _direction_x;
+}
+int8_t Ball::get_direction_y() {
+  return _direction_y;
+}
+
+void Ball::reset_position () {
+  _x= BALL_RESET_X;
+  _y= BALL_RESET_Y;
+  this -> _init_directions(_direction_x);
+  this -> _init_directions(_direction_y);
+}
+
+uint8_t Ball::get_x() {
+  return _x;
+}
+
+uint8_t Ball::get_y() {
+  return _y;
+}

src/ball.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef BALL_H
+#define BALL_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "config.h"
+
+class Ball {
+  private:
+    uint8_t _x, _y;
+    int8_t _direction_x, _direction_y;
+
+    void _init_directions(int8_t &_direction);
+
+  public:
+    Ball (uint8_t _x, uint8_t _y) : _x(_x), _y(_y) {}
+
+    void move();
+    void bounce_on_pad();
+    void bounce_on_sides();
+    int8_t get_direction_x();
+    int8_t get_direction_y();
+    void reset_position ();
+    uint8_t get_x();
+    uint8_t get_y();
+};
+
+#endif

src/config.h

@@ -7,5 +7,9 @@
 #define MATRIX_HEIGHT 8
 #define BALL_RESET_X (MATRIX_WIDTH / 2)
 #define BALL_RESET_Y (MATRIX_HEIGHT / 2)
-#define BAR_LENGTH 3
+#define PADDLE_LENGTH 3
 #define INITIAL_BALL_DELAY 200
+
+#define MAX_POINTS 9
+#define START_TIMER 3
+#define FIRST_START_BALL_DELAY 500

src/engine.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include "engine.h"
+
+bool Engine::_check_pad_ball_collision(Paddle &p) {
+  uint8_t ppos= p.get_position();
+  for (int p= ppos; p < ppos + PADDLE_LENGTH; p++) {
+    if (_ball.get_y() == p) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void Engine::run() {
+  // if (_event == P1SCORE || _event == P2SCORE) this -> _soft_reset();
+
+  _event= NONE;
+  _ball.move();
+  uint8_t bx= _ball.get_x();
+  uint8_t by= _ball.get_y();
+  int8_t ball_dir= _ball.get_direction_x(); 
+  // pad is 1 pixel far from the edge, so i need to calc this delta
+  // check also if the ball is already moving away, to skip useless checks
+  if (bx <= 1 && ball_dir < 0) {
+    // score the point only if ball reached the edge
+    if (this -> _check_pad_ball_collision(_p1) && bx <= 1) {
+      _ball.bounce_on_pad();
+      _event= P1_COLLISION;
+      _hits++;
+    }
+    else if (bx <= 0) {
+      // p2 scores
+      _p2.increase_score();
+      _event= P2SCORE;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (bx >= MATRIX_WIDTH-2 && ball_dir > 0) {
+    // score the point only if ball reached the edge
+    if (this -> _check_pad_ball_collision(_p2) && bx >= MATRIX_WIDTH-2) {
+      _ball.bounce_on_pad();
+      _event= P2_COLLISION;
+      _hits++;
+    }
+    else if (bx >= MATRIX_WIDTH-1) {
+      // p1 scores
+      _p1.increase_score();
+      _event= P1SCORE;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  if (by == 0 || by == MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
+    _ball.bounce_on_sides();
+    _event= WALL_COLLISION;
+  }
+
+  if (_hits >= 6 && _ball_mv_delay >= 80) {
+    _hits= 0;
+    _ball_mv_delay -= 20;
+  }
+}
+
+uint8_t Engine::ball_movement_delay() {
+  return _ball_mv_delay;
+}
+
+
+EngineEvents Engine::get_event() {
+  return _event;
+}
+
+void Engine::restart_ball() {
+  _ball.reset_position();
+  _ball_mv_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
+}
+
+void Engine::reset() {
+  this -> restart_ball();
+  _p1.reset();
+  _p2.reset();
+}

src/engine.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef ENGINE_H
+#define ENGINE_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "ball.h"
+#include "paddle.h"
+#include "config.h"
+
+enum EngineEvents : uint8_t {NONE, P1SCORE, P2SCORE, P1_COLLISION, P2_COLLISION, WALL_COLLISION};
+
+class Engine {
+
+  private:
+    Paddle& _p1;
+    Paddle& _p2;
+    Ball& _ball;
+    EngineEvents _event= NONE;
+    uint8_t _ball_mv_delay;
+    uint8_t _hits = 0;
+
+    bool _check_pad_ball_collision(Paddle &p);
+
+  public:
+    // inizialize Engine constructor, linking all args with private args
+    Engine(Paddle &p_one, Paddle &p_two, Ball &ball, uint8_t ball_mv_delay)
+        : _p1(p_one), _p2(p_two), _ball(ball), _ball_mv_delay(ball_mv_delay) {}
+
+    void run();
+    uint8_t ball_movement_delay();
+    EngineEvents get_event();
+    void restart_ball();
+    void reset();
+};
+
+#endif

src/font.h

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#ifndef FONT_H
+#define FONT_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+
+const uint32_t pone_wins[][4] = {
+	{
+		0x78,
+		0xc4847844,
+		0x440e000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0x11,
+		0x1101501,
+		0x501f0000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0xe,
+		0x400400,
+		0x400e0000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0x9,
+		0xd00b00,
+		0x90090000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0xf,
+		0x800f00,
+		0x100f0000,
+		500
+	}
+};
+const uint32_t ptwo_wins[][4] = {
+	{
+		0x79,
+		0xe48279e4,
+		0x1041e000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0x11,
+		0x1101501,
+		0x501f0000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0xe,
+		0x400400,
+		0x400e0000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0x9,
+		0xd00b00,
+		0x90090000,
+		500
+	},
+	{
+		0xf,
+		0x800f00,
+		0x100f0000,
+		500
+	}
+};
+
+const byte font_pong[10][8][3] = {
+  // Number 0
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 1
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 0 },
+    { 0, 1, 0 },
+    { 0, 1, 0 },
+    { 0, 1, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 2
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 3
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 4
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 5
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 6
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 7
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 8
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+  // Number 9
+  {
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 1, 0, 1 },
+    { 1, 1, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 1 },
+    { 0, 0, 0 }
+  },
+};
+
+#endif

src/paddle.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "paddle.h"
+
+void Paddle::move_pad_up() {
+  if (_position > 0) {
+    _position -= 1;
+  }
+}
+void Paddle::move_pad_down() {
+  if (_position + _height < MATRIX_HEIGHT) {
+    _position += 1;
+  }
+}
+
+uint8_t Paddle::get_position() {
+  return _position;
+}
+
+bool Paddle::is_human() {
+  return _human;
+}
+
+void Paddle::increase_score() {
+  if (_score <= 9) _score += 1;
+}
+
+uint8_t Paddle::get_score() {
+  return _score;
+}
+
+void Paddle::reset() {
+  _score= 0;
+}
+
+bool check_paddle_movements(Paddle &p1, Paddle &p2) {
+  bool need_refresh= false;
+  if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW) {
+    p1.move_pad_up();
+    need_refresh= true;
+  }
+  else if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
+    p1.move_pad_down();
+    need_refresh= true;
+  }
+
+  if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW) {
+    p2.move_pad_up();
+    need_refresh= true;
+  }
+  else if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
+    p2.move_pad_down();
+    need_refresh= true;
+  }
+  return need_refresh;
+}

src/paddle.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#ifndef PADDLE_H
+#define PADDLE_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "config.h"
+
+class Paddle {
+
+  private:
+    // define player coordinates
+    uint8_t _position;
+    uint8_t _height= PADDLE_LENGTH;
+    uint8_t _score= 0;
+    bool _human= true;
+
+  public:
+    Paddle (uint8_t _position) : _position(_position) {}
+    void move_pad_up();
+    void move_pad_down();
+    uint8_t get_position();
+    bool is_human();
+    void increase_score();
+    uint8_t get_score();
+    void reset();
+};
+
+bool check_paddle_movements(Paddle &p1, Paddle &p2);
+
+#endif

src/pong_ball.cpp

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include "config.h"
-#include "pong_player.h"
-
-// used to increase speed when game is too easy
-int hits= 0;
-
-int p1_score= 0;
-int p2_score= 0;
-
-// initially ball has no movements
-// once game/round starts, balls gets random x and y movements
-int ball_move_x= 0;
-int ball_move_y= 0;
-
-void point_scored(int &ball_x, int &ball_y, int &ball_delay) {
-  ball_x= BALL_RESET_X;
-  ball_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
-  Serial.print("P1: ");
-  Serial.print(p1_score);
-  Serial.print(" - ");
-  Serial.print("P2: ");
-  Serial.print(p2_score);
-  Serial.println();
-
-  hits= 0;
-  ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
-}
-
-void move_ball(int &ball_x, int &ball_y, int &ball_delay, int p1_start, int p2_start, int &need_refresh) {
-  need_refresh= 1;
-  if (ball_x < 0 || ball_x > MATRIX_WIDTH-1 || ball_y < 0 || ball_y > MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
-    // ball out of matrix limits
-    ball_x= BALL_RESET_X;
-    ball_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
-    return;
-  }
-  
-  // if ball is not moving, get random direction
-  // this is the initial position
-  if (ball_move_x == 0 || ball_move_y == 0) {
-    // extract random number between 0 or 1 to select the directions
-    if (random(2) == 0) ball_move_x= 1;
-    else ball_move_x= -1;
-    if (random(2) == 0) ball_move_y= 1;
-    else ball_move_y= -1;
-  }
-
-  else if (ball_x == 0) {
-    // if p1 collision: reverse x, go left
-    if (!ball_player_collision(p1_start, ball_y)) {
-      // else p2 score, reset board
-      p2_score += 1;
-      Serial.println("Player 2 Scores");
-      point_scored(ball_x, ball_y, ball_delay);
-    }
-    else {
-      hits += 1;
-      ball_move_x= ball_move_x * -1;
-    }
-  }
-  else if (ball_x == MATRIX_WIDTH-1) {
-    if (!ball_player_collision(p2_start, ball_y)) {
-      // else p1 score, reset board
-      p1_score += 1;
-      Serial.println("Player 1 Scores");
-      point_scored(ball_x, ball_y, ball_delay);
-    }
-    else {
-      hits += 1;
-      ball_move_x= ball_move_x * -1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (ball_y == 0 || ball_y == MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
-    // reverse y, go down
-    ball_move_y= ball_move_y * -1;
-  }
-
-  if (hits >= 6 && ball_delay >= 80) {
-    // increase ball speed
-    hits = 0;
-    ball_delay -= 20;
-  }
-
-  ball_x+= ball_move_x;
-  ball_y+= ball_move_y;
-}

src/pong_ball.h

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PONG_BALL_H
-#define PONG_BALL_H
-
-void point_scored();
-void move_ball(int &ball_x, int &ball_y, int &loop_delay, int p1_start, int p2_start, int &need_refresh);
-
-#endif

src/pong_player.cpp

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include "config.h"
-
-int ball_player_collision(int player, int ball_y) {
-  for (int p= player; p < player + BAR_LENGTH; p++) {
-    if (ball_y == p) {
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int pong_move_p1(int &p1_start, int &need_refresh) {
-  if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW && p1_start > 0) {
-    p1_start -= 1;
-    need_refresh= 1;
-  }
-  else if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW && p1_start < 5) {
-    p1_start += 1;
-    need_refresh= 1;
-  }
-}
-
-int pong_move_p2(int &p2_start, int &need_refresh) {
-  if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW && p2_start > 0) {
-    p2_start -= 1;
-    need_refresh= 1;
-  }
-  else if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW && p2_start < 5) {
-    p2_start += 1;
-    need_refresh= 1;
-  }
-}

src/pong_player.h

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PONG_PLAYER_H
-#define PONG_PLAYER_H
-
-int ball_player_collision(int player, int ball_y);
-int pong_move_p1(int &p1_start, int &need_refresh);
-int pong_move_p2(int &p2_start, int &need_refresh);
-
-#endif

src/pong_render.cpp

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include "config.h"
-
-void render_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int p1_start, int p2_start, int ball_x, int ball_y) {
-  // clear
-  for (int x=0; x < MATRIX_WIDTH; x++) {
-    for (int y=0; y < MATRIX_HEIGHT; y++) {
-      frame[y][x]= 0;
-    }
-  }
-  
-  // players coords
-  for (int i= p1_start; i < p1_start+BAR_LENGTH; i++) {
-    frame[i][0]= 1;
-  }
-  for (int i= p2_start; i < p2_start+BAR_LENGTH; i++) {
-    frame[i][MATRIX_WIDTH-1]= 1;
-  }
-  
-  // ball coords
-  frame[ball_y][ball_x]= 1;
-}

src/pong_render.h

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PONG_RENDER_H
-#define PONG_RENDER_H
-
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
-
-void render_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int p1_start, int p2_start, int ball_x, int ball_y);
-
-#endif

src/renderer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "renderer.h"
+
+
+void Renderer::_clear_matrix() {
+  for (int x=0; x < MATRIX_WIDTH; x++) {
+    for (int y=0; y < MATRIX_HEIGHT; y++) {
+      _frame[y][x]= 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Renderer::render_timer(uint8_t seconds) {
+  this -> _clear_matrix();
+
+  for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
+    for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
+      _frame[h][w+5]= font_pong[seconds][h][w];
+    }
+  }
+  _matrix.renderBitmap(_frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
+}
+
+void Renderer::render_matrix() {
+  this -> _clear_matrix();
+  uint8_t p1pos= _p1.get_position();
+  uint8_t p2pos= _p2.get_position();
+  // players coords
+  for (int i= p1pos; i < p1pos+PADDLE_LENGTH; i++) {
+    _frame[i][0]= 1;
+  }
+  for (int i= p2pos; i < p2pos+PADDLE_LENGTH; i++) {
+    _frame[i][MATRIX_WIDTH-1]= 1;
+  }
+  
+  // ball coords
+  uint8_t bx= _ball.get_x();
+  uint8_t by= _ball.get_y();
+  _frame[by][bx]= 1;
+  _matrix.renderBitmap(_frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
+}
+
+void Renderer::render_score() {
+  this -> _clear_matrix();
+  _frame[4][5]= 1;
+  _frame[4][6]= 1;
+
+  for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
+    for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
+      _frame[h][w+1]= font_pong[_p1.get_score()][h][w];
+    }
+  }
+  for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
+    for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
+      _frame[h][w+8]= font_pong[_p2.get_score()][h][w];
+    }
+  }
+  _matrix.renderBitmap(_frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
+}
+
+void Renderer::render_winner() {
+  this -> _clear_matrix();
+  // check winner 
+  if (_p1.get_score() > _p2.get_score())
+    _matrix.loadSequence(pone_wins);
+  else 
+    _matrix.loadSequence(ptwo_wins);
+  _matrix.play(true);
+}

src/renderer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef RENDERER_H
+#define RENDERER_H
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "font.h"
+#include "paddle.h"
+#include "ball.h"
+
+class Renderer {
+
+  private:
+    // define player coordinates
+    Paddle& _p1;
+    Paddle& _p2;
+    Ball& _ball;
+    byte (&_frame)[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH];
+    ArduinoLEDMatrix& _matrix;
+
+    void _clear_matrix();
+
+  public:
+    Renderer (Paddle &p1, Paddle &p2, Ball &ball, byte (&frame)[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], ArduinoLEDMatrix &matrix) 
+            : _p1(p1), _p2(p2), _ball(ball), _frame(frame), _matrix(matrix) {}
+
+    void render_timer(uint8_t seconds);
+    void render_matrix();
+    void render_score();
+    void render_winner();
+};
+
+#endif